FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions

The Council is an independent international body, established to serve as a consultative body for FONAREV and CIA-VAR in their efforts to secure formal recognition of the atrocities committed during the First and Second Congo Wars.

Its mission is to provide advice and constitute an authoritative, credible and coordinated group of international experts; to support the mobilisation of regional and international allies within diplomatic, legal, political and civil society networks; and to strengthen the visibility of the voice of the DRC and its survivor communities in relevant international bodies.

The Council acts independently of any partisan affiliation in the DRC. Its advocacy work is grounded in internationally validated evidence, rigorous legal analysis, and the testimonies of survivor communities.

More than three decades after the First and Second Congo Wars, the atrocities committed against millions of Congolese victims still lack formal international recognition.

The Council has been established to help close that gap, to bring sustained, coordinated international attention to these events, to support the survivor communities represented by FONAREV and CIA-VAR in seeking acknowledgement, and to ensure their testimonies are heard in the diplomatic, legal and political forums where recognition is decided.

Members have been selected on the basis of their credibility in genocide recognition, international law, humanitarian advocacy and international diplomacy and their independence and reputational integrity.

All members sit in a personal capacity and not as representatives of any institution or government to which they may be affiliated.

FONAREV is the DRC's national reparations fund, established by law in December 2022. It works to identify, support and provide reparations to victims of conflict-related sexual violence and other crimes against peace and the security of humanity, covering acts committed from 1993 to today.

CIA-VAR is a Congolese inter-ministerial commission based in Kinshasa that supports victim assistance and reform efforts.

Together, they lead joint international advocacy for recognition of the atrocities committed in eastern DRC.

For all enquiries, please email contact@ceadrc.org.

Timeline

Timeline of events

1993-1996
Early conflicts
  • 1993 - Ethnic violence in eastern Congo kills tens of thousands, marking the beginning of the crisis
  • 1994 - Rwandan genocide spills across the border, destabilising the region
  • 1996 - First Congo War begins as Rwanda and Uganda back a rebellion against Mobutu
1993-1996
1998-2003
The Congo Wars
  • 1998 - Second Congo War begins, eventually involving nine African nations. It becomes the deadliest conflict since World War Two
  • 2003 - Officially the war ends, but violence continues in the east
1998-2003
2004-2016
Ongoing atrocities
  • 2004 - Massacre at Gatumba refugee camp
  • 2008 - Kiwanja massacre; UN Security Council condemns sexual violence in DRC as a war crime
  • 2010 - UN Mapping Report documents over 600 atrocities, including potential acts of genocide. It is largely ignored
  • 2016 - Kasai conflict begins, over a million displaced
2004-2016
2022-2026
Recent escalation
  • 2022 - M23 rebels resurge, eastern Congo descends into worst violence in years
  • 2024 - MSF records highest ever number of sexual violence cases
  • 2025/26 - Conflict escalates further, international community largely silent
2022-2026